4/19/2023 0 Comments Osmos inverse pdf![]() ![]() The ability to treat waters with high solids content or fouling potential is particularly attractive. However, a future role for FO is not out of the question. At its current state of development, FO will not replace reverse osmosis (RO) as the most favored desalination technology, particularly for routine waters. This report summarizes work performed at Sandia National Laboratories in the area of FO and reviews the status of the technology for desalination applications. ![]() For desalination applications, the salts in the feed stream could be exchanged for an osmotic agent specifically chosen for its ease of removal, e.g. Thus, FO can be used, in effect, to exchange one solute for a different solute, specifically chosen for its chemical or physical properties. The process is spontaneous, and can be accomplished with very little energy expenditure. In FO, water from one solution selectively passes through a membrane to a second solution based solely on the difference in the chemical potential (concentration) of the two solutions. Forward (or direct) osmosis is an emerging process for dewatering aqueous streams that might one day help resolve this problem. Unfortunately, the ability to exploit these resources is currently limited in many parts of the world by both the cost of the energy and the investment in equipment required for purification/desalination. Waste water, brackish water, and seawater have great potential to fill the coming requirements. It can be used on its own or in combinations with other processes, for example desalination, concentration and renewable power generation.įresh, potable water is an essential human need and thus looming water shortages threaten the world's peace and prosperity. The clue in the potential applications is that it is widely used in nature, however it is only relatively recently that its full potential has begun to be recognised industrially. It works by having two solutions with different concentrations (or more correctly different osmotic pressures) separated by a selectively permeable membrane, in the case of the plants and trees their cell walls, and ‘pure’ water flows from less concentrated solution across the membrane to dilute the more concentrated solution, leaving the salts behind. The process exploits the natural process of osmosis, which is how plants and trees take up water from the soil – a low energy, natural process. Forward Osmosis (FO) over the past five years has generally attracted more attention, both academically and commercially, with a number of companies raising finance on the back of its potential. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |